![社会实在的建构 - [美] 约翰·R.塞尔, 约翰·塞尔](https://static.book345.com/covers/s/9787208165106.jpg)
书籍介绍
塞尔在这本书里抛出一个极具挑衅性的问题：那些我们习以为常的社会制度——货币、产权、婚姻、国家、权力——究竟是不是"真的"？他的答案冷峻而反直觉：它们的存在完全依赖于人类的集体意向与语言约定，一旦抽掉这些，"今天星期二""这张纸币值五元"便不复成立，尽管作为自然日期的那天依旧照常运转。全书的重心由此落在"集体意向性"如何借助符号将客观事实"赋值"为制度性事实上。值得提醒的是，这是一部需要对照原文啃读的书：既有译名硬伤（"sense"被误作"意义"、迪厄译作"鲍迪欧"），也有概念上的艰涩，社会学与哲学视角的分野亦清晰可辨。它适合愿意追问"社会现实究竟如何被建构出来"的读者，而非寻求轻松入门者。
作者简介
约翰·塞尔（J.R.Searle）是当今世界蕞著名、蕞具影响力的哲学家之一。他于1932年出生在美国科罗拉多州丹佛市，1949-1952年之间就读于威斯康星大学，1955年获罗兹（Rhodes）奖学金赴牛津大学学习，并获哲学博士学位。他曾师从牛津日常语言学派主要代表、言语行动理论的创建者奥斯汀（J.L.Austin），深入研究语言分析哲学。1959年返美，并一直在加州大学伯克利分校任教，后当选美国人文科学院院士。著作有《心灵、语言和社会》《意向性》《言语行为》《知觉和语言》等。
AI导读
核心看点
- 探讨社会制度如何由集体意向性建构
- 解析语言符号在制度事实中的核心作用
- 阐述从物理事实到社会事实的本体论跃迁
读者共识
- 塞尔关于集体意向性的观点极具启发性
- 翻译质量参差不齐，部分关键概念误译
- 逻辑清晰但晦涩，适合作为理论参考书
精彩摘录
- "The feature of language essential for the constitution of institutional facts is the existence of symbolic devices, such as words, that by convention **mean or represent or symbolize** something beyond themselces.【60】"
- "There are words, symbols, or other conventional devices that **mean** something or express something or represent or symbolize something beyond themselves,** in a way that is publicly understandable**.【61】"
- "The principle is clear enough—a fact is language independent if that very fact requires no linguistic elements for its existence.【61】"
- "Some thoughts are language dependent in the sense that an animal could not have that very thought, but some thoughts are language independent in the sense that an animal can have those thoughts without having words or any other linguistic devices.【61】"
- "First, mental repreentations, such as thoughts, must be partly constitutive of the fact; and second, the representations in question must be language dependent.【62】"
- "The features in virtue of which today is Tuesday the 26th of October cannot exist independently of a verbal system, because its being Tuesday the 26th of October is a matter of its relation to a verbal system. If there were no verbal system, there would be no such fact, even though this day remains "
- "The key element in the move from the collective imposition of function to the creation of institutional facts is the imposition of a collectively recognized **status** to which a function is attached.【41】"
- "The "counts as" locution names a feature of the imposition of a status to which a function is attached by way of collective intentionality, where the status and its accompanying function go beyond the sheer brute physical functions that can be assigned to physical objects.【44】"
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