![国家：本质、发展与前景 - [美] 贾恩弗朗哥·波齐](https://static.book345.com/covers/s/9787208074064.jpg)
书籍介绍
这册薄薄的小书之所以让不少读者觉得“得啃”，正因为它不满足于罗列国家定义，而是执意追问一个更尖锐的问题：现代国家究竟凭何区别于一切既往的大规模政治组织？波齐给出的答案冷峻而反常识——现代性的核心不在于疆域或人口，而在于政治权力被“制度化”的程度：强制力被集中、被驯化，统治者得以超越私人家族与王朝的私利，转而以公共理性的名义治理领土。书中对绝对主义国家、主权观念、马基雅弗式“责任伦理”的剖析，揭示出国家本质上是把暴力垄断加以理性化的产物。它适合愿意直面理论密度、追问“国家为何值得存在”的读者；若只求轻松的知识扫盲，或许会感到混乱与简略。
作者简介
贾恩弗朗哥·波齐（1934-），出生于意大利，获得加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校社会学博士学位，先后在意大利、英国和美国等大学任教，期间在北美、欧洲、澳大利亚游历讲学，目前为意大利特伦托大学社会学教授。波齐的教学和研究兴趣主要为近现代国家理论、古典社会理论。代表性著作有《近代国家的发展》、《国家：本质、发展与前景》、《权力的形成》、《涂尔干》等。
AI导读
核心看点
- 梳理国家从封建解体到民主起源的历史演进脉络
- 解析政治权力的制度化特征及合法性基础
- 探讨当代国家在军事、生态及经济领域的挑战
读者共识
- 框架清晰，逻辑严密，是入门国家理论的好书
- 内容高度概括，论述略显简略，深度有待加强
- 翻译质量尚可，但部分读者反映阅读体验枯燥
精彩摘录
- "一个重要的例外是法兰西王国。从17世纪后期开始,法兰西统治的皮普尼德斯王朝(Pippinids),充分利用了封臣与君主之间的关系来确保武士精英不仅在军事活动方面的合作,同时在整个法兰西王国所统治的领土上其他方面治理的合作。他们将一种源于罗马(和基督教会)的制度--“恩赐”纳人封臣关系中。即,他们授予每一个封臣一块土地,合适的说法可以被叫做“封地”(feudum,或者fief)"
- "........the counterpart to the ruler is typically represented not by individuals, but by constituted bodies of various kinds: local assemblies of aristocrats, ecclesiastical bodies, cities, corporate associations. Taken singly, each of these bodies---the 'estates'--- represents a different collectiv"
- "根据这一观点,主权应当由一个不同于所有其他社会力量的权力中心所享有,这是很重要的,因为这些社会力量只关心具有特定政治意义的自己利益。从这个角度来讲,这一观点成了另一个文艺复兴时期的“存在之理性”(ratio status)观念的补充。 后一个观念所包含的两个方面是相关的。第一个方面--该观念的声名和争议均来于此--是它的否定性内容,即追求特殊的政治利益(用马基雅弗利的话来讲,即那些关于获得和确保“诸侯国”内部权力的利益以及领土的扩张)超越于道德和法律的约束,尤其是,可以合法地使用不受限制的武力和预谋性的欺骗。第二个方面并不是很明显,它与上文免于统治者的道德考虑相关,希望统治者的行动确实是理性的"
- "Weber emphasized the contrast between the realm of political action and that of morality by suggesting that each is the appropriate ambit of a distinctive "ethic". Under the ethic of intention, appropriate to morality, whether an act is good or bad depends exclusively on whether it conforms with a c"
- "........In fact, it suggests that although one often speaks of 'the modern state' (I have myself made use of this expression), strictly speaking the adjective 'modern' is pleonastic. FOr the set of features listed above is not found in any large-scale political entities other than those which began "
- "In any case, in those parts of Europe where the state developed earlier and more effectively, that development took primarily the form of a progressive reduction of the political prerogatives of the estates, and of their concentration in the hands of the ruler. The ruler undertook to exercise these "
- "....From the standpoint of rulers, society-or, civil society- appeared chiefly as a realm of processes of great political significance, but which on that very account had to be authoritatively disciplined, monitored, administered and policed from above; for, as we have seen, the state's own might de"
- "...This reversed relationship between state and society required in the first place that state power be constrained, rather than absolute. In the 18th and 19th centuries the notion of constitution was widely used to characterize such a new relationship. This could only be established where society h"
目录
用户评论
毫无裨益
权利体现的是对暴力的一种控制。
体感好条理也清晰
挺清晰的
so boring
我的政治学启蒙
很粗糙的大纲和概述，而且除了三种政治权力、几个大的理论（韦伯、马克思）之外，没有看到更清晰的观点，陈尧的翻译不太行，这也是没有预料到的。
比较无趣，不知引进意义何在…
@2020-10-19 19:19:37 @2021-12-24 15:02:35 @2022-02-23 22:14:10
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