![深渊大饭店 - [英]斯图尔特·杰弗里斯](https://static.book345.com/covers/s/9787572631030.jpg)
书籍介绍
早在一百年前，法兰克福学派便预见了我们今天的生活：文化工业让我们陷入了“娱乐至死”的泥潭，社交媒体取消了我们本真的存在，消费社会将我们变成了单向度的螺丝钉。
《深渊大饭店》是一部兼具学术深度与叙事张力的群体传记，描述了法兰克福学派主要人物如何相互影响、他们之间的学术争论，以及他们的成长经历如何塑造了他们的思想理念。法兰克福学派提出的“威权人格”“机械复制”“文化工业”“单向度的人”等概念至今仍然保留了批判的锋芒。正如作者斯图尔特·杰弗里斯所说：“法兰克福学派之所以对我们现今的社会仍具有重要意义，是因为比起他们所处的时代，这些社会批判理论更适合当下这个时代。”
作者简介
斯图尔特·杰弗里斯（Stuart Jeffries）
英国文化评论家，《卫报》编辑，尤其擅长思想史的写作，著有《深渊大饭店：法兰克福学派的精彩人生》《一切事物、一切时间、一切地点：我们如何变得后现代主义》等。
AI导读
编辑书评
- 《深渊大饭店》的真正好，在于它拒绝了'概念教科书'的惰性，转而追问一个更少被提出的问题：这些理论究竟是如何从特定的人、特定的经历、特定的流亡与失败中生长出来的？作者以'群体传记'为骨架，把本雅明'为失败者书写历史'的史观反用于自身——他书写的正是法兰克福学派那些'被进步叙事抹去'的失败尝试与 aborted attempts。这种'以批判理论的方法写批判理论史'的做法，使全书超越了介绍性读物，具备了思想史层面的自反性。然而其局限也正在于此：广度优先于深度，许多概念仅作点到为止的呈现，专业研究者会感到餍足不足。相较同类思想史著作，它的独特之处在于叙事张力与学术深度的平衡，适合作为进入法兰克福学派的'第一本书'，而非最后一本。
- 本书最值得肯定之处，是它诚实地呈现了法兰克福学派的内在矛盾——既'不肯放下身段投身革命'，又始终'只用不同方式解释世界'。读者引用的阿多诺那句'我创立了一套思想的理论模型，又怎会料到，竟有人想要用燃烧瓶把它付诸实践'，恰是理解全书的钥匙：杰弗里斯并未回避这一症结，而是让读者自行面对'打扫地面需要的是爱、艺术，还是交往理性'的诘问。正因如此，本书在'悲观逃往过去'与'乐观迷信理论'之间保持了难得的张力，不轻易站队。其争议在于：作为'介绍'，它无法回应'理论如何转化为实践'这一根本质疑，最终将问题交还给读者。它适合那些愿意带着困惑而非答案离开的读者，不适合寻求明确政治方案的行动主义者。
核心看点
- 本书的真正价值在于它不是对法兰克福学派理论的逐条复述，而是以'群体传记'的方式，揭示这些思想家的成长经历、家庭背景与'经济基础'如何塑造了他们的思想。作者刻意交代弗洛姆与阿多诺、霍克海默在20世纪30年代和50年代分别于德国和美国展开的实证研究，这些具体材料此前鲜为人知，构成了理解整个学派演变的隐性线索。
- 全书以时间顺序为骨架，串联起从本雅明到哈贝马斯的法兰克福学派思想史，重点呈现成员之间的相互影响与学术争论。作者试图说明：法兰克福学派之所以对当今社会仍有意义，正因其社会批判理论'比起其所处的时代更适合当下这个时代'——文化工业、威权人格、单向度的人等概念在今天依然保有批判锋芒。
- 本书兼具学术深度与叙事张力，被读者比作《存在主义咖啡馆》式的'迷宫饭'，即以通俗叙事承载艰深思想。作者斯图尔特·杰弗里斯的意图很明确：向对法兰克福学派知之甚少的人提供一条清晰而深刻的入门路径，提纲挈领又不失见地，使'娱乐至死''社交媒体取消本真存在'等当代困境获得思想史层面的解释。
读者共识
- 读者普遍认为这是'最好的法兰克福学派介绍'，通俗易懂、提纲挈领，同时又具有深刻见地，成功地将艰深理论以叙事方式呈现，降低了入门门槛。
- 读者尤为看重本书对学派成员家庭背景及其'经济基础'的交代，认为这是本书最大的价值所在——向知之甚少的人提供了此前从未接触过的具体材料，尤其是弗洛姆与阿多诺、霍克海默在不同国家、不同时期展开的实证研究。
- 读者也指出本书的局限：文字校对不够认真，部分内容存在疏漏；同时认为法兰克福学派本身'要么过于悲观、想要逃往不可挽回的过去，要么过于乐观、认为理论就是所能做的一切'，本书在呈现这一张力时并未给出答案。
精彩摘录
- "For Benjamin, history was not, in Alan Bennett’s words, one fucking thing after another, just a sequence of events without sense. Rather, narrative sense had been imposed on those events – that was what made them history. But imposing meaning was hardly an innocent act. History was written by the vi"
- "Benjamin’s task was therefore to retrieve what had been consigned to oblivion by the victors. The subversive Benjamin, then, aimed at breaking through this widespread amnesia, shattering this delusive notion of historical time, and awakening those who lived under capitalism from their illusions. Suc"
- "For Benjamin, it was such out-of-date things, as well as the aborted attempts and abject failures that had been erased from the narratives of progress, that drew his critical attention. His was a history of the losers, not just of defeated humans, but of expendable things that, back in the day, had "
- "The question of recognition goes back to Plato, for whom the psyche could be divided into three parts: reason, eros, and what he called thymos. Megalothymia means the need to be recognized as superior to others, while isothymia is the need to be recognized as merely equal to others. (what Occupy mov"
- "Lambert 'no longer wanted to live in a different world; he just want to be a man with dignity in this one... But the dignity Lambert seeks is of a grubby kind. (Adorno) 'What would happiness be that was not measured by the immeasurable grief at what it is?'"
- "In our age, anyone resuscitating critical theory needs to have a sense of irony. Among capitalism's losers are millions of overworked, underpaid workers ostensibly liberated by the largest socialist revolution in history (China's) who have been driven to the brink of suicide to keep those in the wes"
- "'public sphere' was killed off during the twentieth century...(by) the welfare state, mass media, the rise of public relations, the undermining of parliamentary politics by the rise of political parties... (thus) the public sphere lost its autonomy and critical power."
- "al reason has two oinstrumental reason has two opposing elements, namely 'the abstract ego emptied of all substance except its attempt to transform everything in heaven and on earth into means for its preservation, and on the other hand an empty nature degraded to mere material, mere stuff to be dom"
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