The Dawn of Everything

Name: The Dawn of Everything
Availability: InStock
Rating: 8.6 (151 reviews)
ISBN: 9780374157357

David Graeber, David Wengrow, 大卫·温格罗

出版社

Farrar, Straus and Giroux

出版时间

2021-10-19

ISBN

9780374157357

评分

★★★★★

标签

人类学社会学历史英文

书籍介绍

这本书最锋利之处，在于它把'自由'与'平等'从启蒙运动的神坛上请了下来，重新交还给美洲原住民的政治家Kandiaronk。读者反复被击中的，正是这个反常识的判断：所谓自由、平等、反权威的现代理想，并非欧洲人独享的文明成果，而最早是原住民用来批评欧洲社会的一面镜子。书中更用因纽特人'一年过两种生活'、新月沃土高低地倒置的案例，证明等级与平等不过是可被自由组装、拆卸的政治道具，而非命运。它真正适合那些不愿接受'不平等是人性必然'这一叙事的读者——但前提是你能扛住密集琐碎的考古细节，因为它推翻的不是一条预设，而是一整筐。

作者简介

David Graeber was a professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics. He is the author of Debt: The First 5,000 Years and Bullshit Jobs: A Theory, and was a contributor to Harper's Magazine, The Guardian, and The Baffler. An iconic thinker and renowned activist, his early efforts in Zuccotti Park made Occupy Wall Street an era-defining movement. He died on September 2, 2020. David Wengrow is a professor of comparative archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, and has been a visiting professor at New York University. He is the author of three books, including What Makes Civilization?. Wengrow conducts archaeological fieldwork in various parts of Africa and the Middle East.

AI导读

核心看点

颠覆线性进化论，揭示人类社会形态的多样与反复。
指出启蒙思想深受美洲原住民对欧洲社会的批评启发。
论证人类曾主动在不同社会结构间切换，非被动适应。

读者共识

观点极具颠覆性，打破了对农业、城市及国家的刻板印象。
行文犀利幽默，但部分论证被认为缺乏系统性的新理论构建。
虽阅读门槛高且累，但能极大拓展对人类历史可能性的想象。

精彩摘录

"To Americans like Kandiaronk, there was no contradiction between individual liberty and communism – that’s to say, communism in the sense we’ve been using it here, as a certain presumption of sharing, that people who aren’t actual enemies can be expected to respond to one another’s needs. In the Ame"
"With such institutional flexibility comes the capacity to step outside the boundaries of any given structure and reflect; to both make and unmake the political worlds we live in. Perhaps all these questions blind us to what really makes us human in the first place, which is our capacity – as moral a"
"If human beings, through most of our history, have moved back and forth fluidly between different social arrangements, assembling and dismantling hierarchies on a regular basis... maybe the real question should be ‘how did we get stuck?’ How did we end up in one single mode? How did we lose that pol"
"In the Fertile Crescent, it is – if anything – among upland groups, furthest removed from a dependence on agriculture, that we find stratification and violence becoming entrenched; while their lowland counterparts, who linked the production of crops to important social rituals, come out looking deci"
"Now, we should be clear here: social theory, always, necessarily, involves a bit of simplification. For instance, almost any human action might be said to have a political aspect, an economic aspect, a psycho-sexual aspect and so forth. Social theory is largely a game of make-believe in which we pre"
"对这一现象最雄辩的评论之一可见于本杰明·富兰克林写给一位朋友的私人信件：当一个印第安人的孩子在我们中被抚养长大，学会了我们的语言，习惯了我们的习俗，结果一旦他回去走亲访友，并和他们一起做一次印第安漫游（Indian Ramble），那就再也无法劝说他回来了。这并不仅仅是作为印第安人的天性，而且显然是作为人的天性当白人，不论男女，在年轻时被印第安人俘虏，并在他们中间生活一段时间后，即便被朋友赎回并受到极尽温柔的对待以说服他们留在英格兰人中间，但很快，他们就会厌恶我们的生活方式以及支撑这种生活方式所必需的忧虑与痛苦，并抓住下一次机会逃回林中，再也无法被找回。我记得曾听说过这样一个例子：一"
"早在20世纪30年代，人类学家格雷戈里·贝特森（Gregory Bateson就发明了“分裂演化”（schismogenesis）'这一术语，来描述人们通过强调自己与别人的不同来定义自己的倾向。”假设两个人因为一些小的政治分歧而陷入争论，一个小时后，小分歧会演化成强硬立场，以至于两人最终走入意识形态分歧的极端对立面，甚至采取在一般情况下绝不会接受的极端立场来彻底驳斥对方的观点。他们开始还只是品味稍有不同的温和的社会民主党人，经过几个小时的慷慨陈词，一个几乎变成了列宁主义者，另一个则成为米尔顿·弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）的拥趸。我们知道这种事情是有可能在争论中发生的。贝特森认为，"
"By far the most frequent depictions of authority figures in Minoan art show adult women... Women are regularly depicted at a larger scale than men, a sign of political superiority in the visual traditions of all neighbouring lands. They hold symbols of command... perform fertility rites before horne"