书籍介绍
這不是一本講「制度如何運作」的書，而是一場關於「公平」的提問。賈志揚從社會史的視角切入，把科舉放回具體的人際網絡中考察：血緣、婚姻、宗族如何與功名相互交織，共同決定誰能進入那個被稱為「精英」的圈層。書中最耐人尋味的，是它對「科举塑造社会」這一慣常信念的質疑——南方優勢、寒人仕進這些評價，究竟有多少是真實的社會流動，又有多少只是制度設計所營造的錯覺？它適合那些不滿足於背诵科舉條文、而想探究功名背後的社會機制的讀者。不過需留意：本書理論框架的完成度與譯文品質，是讀前必須掂量的兩件事。
作者简介
賈志揚（John W. Chaffee），芝加哥大學博士，師從柯睿格（E. A. Kracke），現任美國紐約州立大學賓漢頓分校歷史系與東亞系雙聘教授。著有A History of the Imperial Clan of Sung China（中譯本《天潢貴胄：宋代宗室史》，趙冬梅譯，江蘇人民出版社，2005年）；與Theodorede Bary共同主編Neo-Con-fucian Educa-tion：The Formative Stage（《初創時期的新儒家教育》）。
AI导读
核心看点
- 以社会史视角剖析宋代科举制度及其历史意义
- 探讨科举如何催生士人集团与地方士绅阶层
- 揭示考试竞争、作弊及特权考试等社会现象
读者共识
- 代表欧美学界宋代科举研究的高水准，立论审慎
- 翻译质量争议较大，部分术语处理引起读者不适
- 超越传统制度史，深入探讨科举对社会的塑造力
精彩摘录
- "(Kracke and Ho's) mobility thesis and its accompanying model of Chinese society has come under challenge in recent years... First...it confuses status group with class... Second...ignores ssuch critical factors as lineage,marriage relationships, and even siblings and uncles..."
- "marriage, not examinations, was the critical criterion for entrance into a socially-defined elite...however... First...it does not rove that examinations were unimportant... Moreover...examination was (not) the completely dependent variable...even as marriage could aid one in the examinations, so co"
- "conjunction between institution and society..emphasis will be upon the social functions of the examination system and people's perceptions of it, and esp. how those changed during the 3 century span of the Sung."
- "The executory and administrative classes of the civil and military services were known collectively as 四選 (p21)"
- "on the civil service, its examiniations and their social functions. 2 important, but rather paradoxical characteristics of the military service. 1st,...primarily... through some form of kin-based privilege...2nd, a sizeable minority(23%) of the military service entered from either the ranks or the c"
- "socially...very important, for they conferred official status with its attendant benefits upon many who would never have passed the regular examination."
- "（进士）was less of a requirement for high office in the 12th century than it had been previously.... ...more families received major protection privileges in 南宋... Holding a court-level position was a risky affair in 南宋...as constant factional struggle took its toll... it also meant that more families "
- "the majority of students entered through routes open to non-officials,... privileged entry continued to exist...The most common: 補试... ...a remarkable and highly visible group in 开封 and, later, in 临安... ...also received certain material benefits...<原文开始>"
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