书籍介绍
本書運用大量歷史資料（地方史誌107種、中日文論著131種及西文論著124種）以論述宋代科舉制度及其歷史意義。宋初為創設一種「精英政治」的考選方法﹐改革了科舉制度﹐發展了政府學校。其結果是考生數目急劇增加﹐考 試競爭性隨之益趨激烈﹐作弊和行賄流行﹐為高級官員的親戚所設的簡易考試（別試和牒試）也應運而生。然而﹐此等不公平並未阻礙一些因考試而引發的社會文化發展。有鑒於此﹐本書著重論述了士人作為一種既得利益集團的出 現﹐不但涉足國家事務而且積極參與地方事務﹐這當中包括十二和十三世紀發達的書院的地方士紳階層的出現﹐以及有其獨特的規範、象徵和經驗的考試文化的形式。
AI导读
核心看点
- 以社会史视角剖析宋代科举制度及其历史意义
- 探讨科举如何催生士人集团与地方士绅阶层
- 揭示考试竞争、作弊及特权考试等社会现象
适合谁读
- 对宋代历史、科举制度及社会变迁感兴趣的读者
- 研究中国官僚政治、精英选拔机制的学术人士
- 关注海外汉学研究成果及社会流动理论的学者
读前提醒
- 本书初版较早，部分观点需结合最新研究辩证看待
- 译名采用直译而非汉名，阅读时可能稍感不便
- 侧重数据统计与社会功能，非单纯制度条文考订
读者共识
- 代表欧美学界宋代科举研究的高水准，立论审慎
- 翻译质量争议较大，部分术语处理引起读者不适
- 超越传统制度史，深入探讨科举对社会的塑造力
本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成，不等同于全文精读。
精彩摘录
- "(Kracke and Ho's) mobility thesis and its accompanying model of Chinese society has come under challenge in recent years... First...it confuses status group with class... Second...ignores ssuch critical factors as lineage,marriage relationships, and even siblings and uncles..."
- "marriage, not examinations, was the critical criterion for entrance into a socially-defined elite...however... First...it does not rove that examinations were unimportant... Moreover...examination was (not) the completely dependent variable...even as marriage could aid one in the examinations, so co"
- "conjunction between institution and society..emphasis will be upon the social functions of the examination system and people's perceptions of it, and esp. how those changed during the 3 century span of the Sung."
- "The executory and administrative classes of the civil and military services were known collectively as 四選 (p21)"
- "on the civil service, its examiniations and their social functions. 2 important, but rather paradoxical characteristics of the military service. 1st,...primarily... through some form of kin-based privilege...2nd, a sizeable minority(23%) of the military service entered from either the ranks or the c"
- "socially...very important, for they conferred official status with its attendant benefits upon many who would never have passed the regular examination."
- "（进士）was less of a requirement for high office in the 12th century than it had been previously.... ...more families received major protection privileges in 南宋... Holding a court-level position was a risky affair in 南宋...as constant factional struggle took its toll... it also meant that more families "
- "the majority of students entered through routes open to non-officials,... privileged entry continued to exist...The most common: 補试... ...a remarkable and highly visible group in 开封 and, later, in 临安... ...also received certain material benefits...<原文开始>"
作者简介
賈志揚（John W. Chaffee），芝加哥大學博士，師從柯睿格（E. A. Kracke），現任美國紐約州立大學賓漢頓分校歷史系與東亞系雙聘教授。著有A History of the Imperial Clan of Sung China（中譯本《天潢貴胄：宋代宗室史》，趙冬梅譯，江蘇人民出版社，2005年）；與Theodorede Bary共同主編Neo-Con-fucian Educa-tion：The Formative Stage（《初創時期的新儒家教育》）。
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