A. P. 马蒂尼奇,著名语言哲学家、政治哲学家,美国得克萨斯大学哲学系教授,同时兼任该校历史与政治学教授,因其杰出贡献,获得“罗伊·艾利森·沃恩百年纪念讲席教授”荣誉。其主要著作包括《利维坦的两个上帝》《霍布斯传》;主编《语言哲学》《分析哲学》等。马蒂尼奇同时担任《哲学史》期刊董事会副主席,且为《哲学家》与《思考》杂志供稿
精彩摘录
"The Structure of a Philosophical Essay A Simple One I State the proposition to be proved. II Give the argument for that proposition. III Show that the argument is valid. IV Show that the premises are true. V State the upshot of what has been proven."
"With this technique, you begin by stating in one sentence the thesis or main point of your essay. In trying to formulate that one sentence, you should not be concerned with what your audience might need as background information and you needn’t be shy of using technical terms. The required backgroun"
"First, it forestalls writer’s block, which is often caused either by the fear that one has nothing to say or the fear that what one has to say is wrong. The second purpose of conceptual note taking is to provide you with materials to be organized and evaluated in preparation for writing a good first"
"Doing research keeps you from writing, and starting to write is typically the hardest thing to do; delaying the start seems most attractive to people. Further, research can inhibit your writing. In short, don’t delay; write first; footnote later."
"The structure and style of a student’s essay should be the same as an essay of straightforward exposition and explanation. All technical terms have to be explained as if the audience knew little or no philosophy. This means that the student ought to explain them by using ordinary words in their ordi"
"Although physical courage is widely admired and discussed in contemporary society, and, perhaps, unwittingly caricatured in macho men, intellectual courage is not. Too few people have the courage of their convictions; yet convictions on important issues that are the result of investigation and refle"
"Promoting only intuition or only theory are extreme positions. There is a middle ground between them that promotes what may be called reflective equilibrium. This view holds that philosophy should begin with intuitions; that theorizing should begin by trying to explain those intuitions; that when in"
"Df(1) An argument is a sequence of two or more propositions of which one is designated as the conclusion and all the others of which are premises. Df(2) A sound argument is an argument which is valid and which contains only true premises. Df(3) An argument is valid if and only if it is necessary tha"