Fooled by Randomness

Nassim Nicholas Taleb

出版社

Penguin

出版时间

2007-03-29

ISBN

9780141032740

评分

★★★★★
书籍介绍

Fooled by Randomness is a standalone book in Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s landmark Incerto series, an investigation of opacity, luck, uncertainty, probability, human error, risk, and decision-making in a world we don’t understand. The other books in the series are The Black Swan, Antifragile, Skin in the Game, and The Bed of Procrustes.

Fooled by Randomness is the word-of-mouth sensation that will change the way you think about business and the world. Nassim Nicholas Taleb–veteran trader, renowned risk expert, polymathic scholar, erudite raconteur, and New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan–has written a modern classic that turns on its head what we believe about luck and skill.

This book is about luck–or more precisely, about how we perceive and deal with luck in life and business. Set against the backdrop of the most conspicuous forum in which luck is mistaken for skill–the world of trading–Fooled by Randomness provides captivating insight into one of the least understood factors in all our lives. Writing in an entertaining narrative style, the author tackles major intellectual issues related to the underestimation of the influence of happenstance on our lives.

The book is populated with an array of characters, some of whom have grasped, in their own way, the significance of chance: the baseball legend Yogi Berra; the philosopher of knowledge Karl Popper; the ancient world’s wisest man, Solon; the modern financier George Soros; and the Greek voyager Odysseus. We also meet the fictional Nero, who seems to understand the role of randomness in his professional life but falls victim to his own superstitious foolishness.

However, the most recognizable character of all remains unnamed–the lucky fool who happens to be in the right place at the right time–he embodies the “survival of the least fit.” Such individuals attract devoted followers who believe in their guru’s insights and methods. But no one can replicate what is obtained by chance.

Are we capable of distinguishing the fortunate charlatan from the genuine visionary? Must we always try to uncover nonexistent messages in random events? It may be impossible to guard ourselves against the vagaries of the goddess Fortuna, but after reading Fooled by Randomness we can be a little better prepared.

Named by Fortune One of the Smartest Books of All Time

A Financial Times Best Business Book of the Year

Nassim Nicholas Taleb spent two decades as a risk taker before becoming a full-time essayist and scholar focusing on practical and philosophical problems with chance, luck, and probability. His focus in on how different systems handle disorder.

He now spends most of his time in the intense seclusion of his study, or as a flâneur meditating in cafés. In addition to his life as a...

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AI导读
核心看点
  • 揭示人类易被随机性迷惑的认知偏差
  • 剖析幸存者偏差对成功归因的误导
  • 强调区分运气与实力的必要性
适合谁读
  • 金融从业者及投资者
  • 关注决策心理学的读者
  • 希望提升风险意识的普通人
读前提醒
  • 接受作者犀利的讽刺文风
  • 结合《黑天鹅》系列对照阅读
  • 重点理解概率思维而非具体案例
读者共识
  • 观点深刻但行文略显琐碎
  • 适合碎片时间轻松阅读
  • 对理解随机性有显著启发

本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成,不等同于全文精读。

精彩摘录
  • "数学主要是一种思考工具,不只是计算工具。 几点结论: 1.在短的时间递进尺度上,我们观察到的是证券组合的易变性,而不是它的回报情况。换句话说,我们只能看到变动,几乎看不到别的。我经常告戒自己,我们所能观察到的,最多只是变动与回报的组合,不会只有回报。 2.我们的情感不具备理解这一点的能力。那个牙科医生每月看一次报表就比不时查看报表时表现得好。也许,他如果一年只看一次报表,他的业绩会更好。 3.当我看见一个投资家用手机或掌上电脑实时监控他的证券组合时,我悄悄地笑了又笑。 牛或熊的术语是由不参与不确定性实践的人使用的,如电视评论员或那些没有处理风险业务经验的人。然而投资人和企业是不能以概率来支付的"
  • "根据过去的信息来预测未来时,我们可能太多马虎,也可能太多严格。我无法接受单靠过去一个时间序列,作为未来表现的指针。除了数据,我还需要更多的东西。我的主要理由在于稀有事件,但还有更多的其他理由。 问题在于我们太重视肤浅的近代史,而说出“这种事情以前从未发生”之类的话。如果去看更宽广的历史,我们会发现,某个地方从来没有发生过的事,最好往往会发生。换句话说,历史告诉我们,以前从未发生的事,后来竟然发生了。狭隘的时间序列没有教的东西,历史却教了我们许多。视野越宽广,我们学到的教训就越多。历史教我们不应该像天真的经验论一般,只观察偶然遇到的历史事实。"
  • "接受已发生的事是该勇敢对面的事,但这会毁掉他们整个学术生涯辛苦建立起来的观念。他们尽全力为自己辩护,而不是汲取教训从中获利。 下次碰到厄运时,不妨开始强调个人举止的优雅,你应该表现出不管在什么状况都“知道如何生存”。“生意虽少,态度不变。”命运女神唯一不能掌控的是你的行为。"
  • "面对日常生活中的细节,我们不需要那么理性,那么讲究科学。只有在可能伤害我们、危及我们生存的状况下,才需要那么做。现代生活似乎诱导我们做出完全相反的事情:面对宗教和个人行为等事物时,我们变得极其务实和理智,面对市场和受随机性影响的事物时,却失去理性。"
  • "人类不是被设计来理解事物的,我们只是被设计来求生和繁衍后代,但为了求生存,我们必须夸大某些事情的概率,例如可能影响我们存货的概率事件发生的概率。举例来说,大脑对生命危险特别在意的人(也就是偏执狂),比较能够生存下来,因此他们的基因遗传下去。但是这种偏执狂也不能过头,否则必须付出太高的代价,反而成为缺点。某些偏见已经深深嵌进我们的大脑里,阻碍我们比较复杂、可能需要更精确评估概率的环境。 这些偏见的说法后来在各学科也都获得佐证。由于知觉上的扭曲,人没办法那么理性;我们所说的理性,是指信念协调一致,也就是没有逻辑上的矛盾,而且行为举止符合这些信念。"
  • "致富纯粹是自利行为, 不是社会行为。 资本主义的优点在于社会能够善用人们的贪婪, 而不是他们的善行, 同时也不需要颂扬这种贪婪为一种道德或知性成就。"
  • "我们经历的现实只是所有可能出现的随机历史中的一个, 我们却误将它当做最具代表性的, 忘了还有其他可能性。简言之, 存活者偏差是指“表现最好的最容易被看见”。"
  • "在人类的进化过程中, 因为我们不必懂概率, 所以也就没有足够的诱因来发展出了解概率的能力。 但是更深一层的原因是, 人类不是被设计来理解事物的, 我们只是被设计来求生和繁衍后代, 但为了求生存, 我们必须夸大某些事情的概率, 例如可能影响我们存活的事件发生的概率。"
作者简介
Nassim Nicholas Taleb spent two decades as a risk taker before becoming a full-time essayist and scholar focusing on practical and philosophical problems with chance, luck, and probability. His focus in on how different systems handle disorder. He now spends most of his time in the intense seclusion of his study, or as a flâneur meditating in cafés. In addition to his life as a trader he spend several years as an academic researcher ( Distinguished Professor at New York University's School of Engineering, Dean's Professor at U. Mass Amherst). He is the author of the Incerto (latin for uncertainty), accessible in any order (Antifragile, The Black Swan, The Bed of Procrustes, and Fooled by Randomness) plus a freely available technical version, Silent Risk. Taleb has also published close to 55 academic and scholarly papers as a backup, technical footnotes to the Incerto in topics ranging from Statistical Physics to International affairs. The Incerto has more than 150 translations in 39 languages. Taleb believes that prizes, honorary degrees, awards, and ceremonialism debase knowledge by turning it into a spectator sport. ""Imagine someone with the erudition of Pico de la Mirandola, the skepticism of Montaigne, solid mathematical training, a restless globetrotter, polyglot, enjoyer of fine wines, specialist of financial derivatives, irrepressible reader, and irascible to the point of readily slapping a disciple." La Tribune (Paris) A giant of Mediterranean thought ... Now the hottest thinker in the world", London Times "The most prophetic voice of all" GQ
用户评论
吐槽娱乐大于其它
don't be predictable, sometimes randomness yields a comfort
心里躁,看不懂。
Just listen while shaken by emotion but not with the coward's imploration and complaints.
对于理解probability/randomness/statistics有帮助。
一定要看英文版。中文版删节很多作者对媒体的看法。虽然行文是自负了些,但深入了我们大脑的盲点,对概率认知薄弱,无法有意识地处理不确定性。另外,对计算机模拟概率问题也大有启发。
A mistake is not something to be determined after the fact, but in the light of the information until that point.
Free of path dependence in one’s beliefs
對學概率出身的人來說新鮮的東西不多。這本書Taleb用的語言還算比較正常
歪果仁就是喜欢啰里八嗦的写一本书讲一句话能讲明白的事
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