洞穴奇案的十四種判決

薩伯(Peter Suber)

出版时间

2006-01-01

ISBN

9789620763601

评分

★★★★★
书籍介绍
Lon Fuller?s Case of the Speluncean Exp/ ~rers is the greatest fictitious legal case of all time. That is saying a lot, for it has some stiff competition. While its competitors may outdo it in courtroom drama, character development, or investigative suspense, none matches it in legal depth or dialectical agility It shows not what makes some lawyer?s caseload interesting, but what makes law itself interesting. It would not make a good movie; it is all ?talking heads.? In fact, the parts that would make a good movie - the events within the cave - are over and done with by the time Fuller begins his piece. Moreover, these events are not depicted with cinematic vivacity, but described after the fact with judicial precision and bland- ness. Fuller?s live Supreme Court justices tranquilly but rigorously show the complexity of the facts and the flexibility of legal reasoning. The live opinions focus on different factual details and legal precedents, and lit them into different background structures of legal and political principle. By these means Fuller crystallizes important conflicts of principle and illustrates the major schools of legal philosophy in his day. Fuller?s case has been called ?a classic in jurispru- dence,? ? a microcosm of this century?s debates,? and a ?breathtaking intellectual accomplishment.?* Although only half a century separates us from the date of Fuller?s essay, the legal landscape has changed profoundly. I have written nine new judicial opin- ions on his case, with roughly Fuller?s own objectives in view, hoping to explore important issues of principle and in the process to bring the depiction of legal philosophy up to date. While I would like to depict the major schools of legal philosophy today, giving each its due, there are a few obstacles that subtly constrain the project. Suber, Peter. Case of the Speluncean Explorers: Nine New Opinions. Florence, KY, USA: Routledge, 1998. p ix. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cityu/Doc?id=2003075&ppg=9 Copyright ? 1998. Routledge. All rights reserved. Preface Introduction 1 Pt. I Lon Fuller's Case of the Speluncean Explorers 5 Opinion of Chief Justice Truepenny 7 Opinion of Justice Foster 10 Opinion of Justice Tatting 15 Opinion of Justice Keen 20 Opinion of Justice Handy 25 Opinion of Justice Tatting 31 Postscript 32 Pt. II Nine New Opinions 33 Opinion of Chief Justice Burnham 35 Opinion of Justice Springham 45 Opinion of Justice Tally 57 Opinion of Justice Hellen 64 Opinion of Justice Trumpet 73 Opinion of Justice Goad 79 Opinion of Justice Frank 89 Opinion of Justice Reckon 91 Opinion of Justice Bond 99 Index 108
AI导读
核心看点
  • 虚构洞穴奇案引发法理与道德的激烈辩论
  • 十四种判决展现法律解释的多元视角
  • 深入探讨生命价值与司法正义的边界
适合谁读
  • 法学专业学生及法律从业者
  • 对法理学与伦理学感兴趣的读者
  • 喜欢深度思辨与逻辑训练的爱好者
读前提醒
  • 非悬疑小说,重在法理逻辑推演
  • 建议结合不同法官观点对比阅读
  • 需耐心思考法律条文与道德冲突
读者共识
  • 法理学入门与精读的经典范本
  • 篇幅短小但思想密度极高
  • 引发对法律本质与正义的深思

本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成,不等同于全文精读。

精彩摘录
  • "人类生存的通常条件使我们倾向于把人类生活当成绝对的价值,在任何情况下都不容牺牲。这一观点有许多虚伪的成分,即便是适用到日常的社会关系中。我们面前的这个案子就能证明这个道理。在移开洞口岩石的过程中,十个工作人员牺牲了。指挥救援工作的工程师和政府官员难道不知道工作人员的作业有危险,会严重威胁工作人员的安全吗?如果说为了营救被困的五个探险者,牺牲这十个人的性命是合适的,为什么我们要说这些探险者达成牺牲一个人以挽救四个人的安排是错误的呢? 我们所规划的每一条高速公路、每一个隧道、每一座建筑,在建造过程中都可能危及生命安全。把这些工程汇总起来,我们可以大致计算出建设这些工程项目将会牺牲多少人的性命。统计"
  • "我们所规划的每一条高速公路、每一条隧道、每一座建筑,在建造过程中都可能危及建造者的生命安全。把这些工程汇总起来,我们可以大致计算出建设这些工程项目将会牺牲多少人的性命。统计学家可以告诉你建造一千英里的四车道的混凝土高速公路平均需要付出的生命。然而,我们故意或心照不宣地承受和付出这些代价,因为假设生者所获得的价值远远超过这些损失。"
  • "如果所有的生命都有无限的价值,那么一个生命与两个生命就是同样珍贵的,与一百万个生命相比亦是如此。事实上,一个生命与无限个生命都是一样珍贵的。在预防性杀人中永远都没有划算的交易,有的只是手上带着鲜血的幸存者。"
  • "法律在很多方面不同于理想中的正义,其中之一是,法律体现了特定时刻特定民族同意用来统治自己的理想正义,为了确保这种同意,法律必须接受每个人的个体理想所达成的诸多妥协。"
  • "在法律看来,每一个生命都是极其崇高和无限珍贵的。这让每个生命具有平等的价值。没有哪一个生命能够优先于其他生命。任何牺牲都必须是自愿的,否则就是侵犯了法律所确认的生命平等和神圣尊严。如果没有人主动牺牲,那谁也没有权利杀害不愿牺牲的人。每个人都有义务面对死亡,都不能违反最高的道德和法律义务去杀害他人。"
  • "但是假如这些普通的不幸之人可以杀掉一个没有对自己构成威胁的人,而原因仅仅是如果没有那个人的血肉所提供的营养,他们将会死掉,那么,为什么一个患有肾脏疾病的公民不能杀掉一个拥有合乎他的肌体类型的肾脏的人,取走受害人的一边肾脏拿去移植呢?或者,如果不只有一个人可以提供合适的肾脏,为什么不让他们也举行一次抽签,把输掉的人杀掉取走肾脏呢"
  • "塔利会为挽救五个人杀掉一个人,为了挽救一百万人而杀掉个人。但是他会为了五个人杀掉四个人吗?为了一百万人杀掉九十九万呢?可以想象,尽管根据他的冷血的算术,在每一个案子中“划算的交易”都是非常明显的,但面对这些数字,连他那无情的直觉也会踌躇起来。"
  • "我们对法律与司法 经常有两种矛盾的情绪 一方面我们期待它是客观中立的 因此法官不应有任何价值判断 另一方面 许多人却幻想法律与司法应该代表正义 不应该拘泥于法律条文"
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