"……The fulfillment of wishes is, as we know, brought about in a hallucinatory manner by dreams, and under the dominance of the pleasure principle this has become their function. But it is not in the service of that principle that the dreams of patients suffering from traumatic neuroses lead them back"
"现在让我们来界定“意识”这一概念:它出现在我们的意识中,我们能觉察到,这是“意识”这一术语的唯一含义。 至于潜伏的构念,假如我们有诸多理由设定它们在心理中存在,就如同在记忆中那样,那么就用“潜意识”来表示它。 Now let us call ‘conscious’ the conception which is present to our consciousness and of which we are aware, and let this be the only meaning of the term ‘conscious’. As for latent conceptions, if"
"我们习惯于这样认为:每一种潜伏的观念都如此,因为它是微弱的,一旦它变得强大,就会成为有意识的。我们现在确信,有一些潜伏的观念无论它变得如何强大,也不会渗透到意识中来。因此,我们可以将第一种类型的潜伏观念称为前意识,而用潜意识来命名后一种类型,即我们在神经症中研究的那一种类型。潜意识这一术语以往只在纯粹的描述意义上使用,现在则蕴涵着更多的内容。它不但指一般的潜伏观念,而且特别还指那些具有一定动力性质的观念;这些观念尽管强烈而活跃,但却仍不能进入意识。 We feel justified in making our classification agree with this addition t"
"潜意识活动的产物进入意识并非绝不可能,但要实现这一目标得付出极大的努力。当我们想做到这一点时,就会明显地觉察到一种拒斥感……我们将其称为抵抗。……潜意识观念是被一些活力排斥到意识之外的,这些活力反对它们自己被意识所接受;但并不反对其他观念,即前意识观念……在构建我们心理活动的过程中,潜意识是一种正常的、不可避免的阶段;每一种心理活动一开始都是潜意识的,它或者保持一如既往的状态,或者发展成为意识,这取决于它是否遇到抵抗。前意识与潜意识活动之间的区别并不是原来就有的,而是在抵抗产生后出现的…… So we learn that the unconscious idea is excluded fr"
"我们有权力拒不使用“下意识”这个词,因为这一称呼是错误的,且易引起误解。有名的“意识分裂”病例,与我们的观点也不矛盾。 We shall also be right in rejecting the term ‘subconsciousness’ as incorrect and misleading. The well-known cases of ‘double conscience’¹ (splitting of consciousness) prove nothing against our view. We may most aptly describe them as cases "