书籍介绍
心灵是什么？《心灵种种:对意识的探索》从这个最常见的问题出发,综合哲学、人工智能与神经科学的思想,带领读者走过一段扣人心弦的探询之旅,思索一些引人入胜的问题:我们有谁真能知道他人的心思？人的心灵与动物的心灵有何区别？假如这些动物神奇地获得了语言能力,它们
AI导读
核心看点
- 融合哲学、AI与神经科学，探索意识本质。
- 提出意向立场，解析人类如何理解他者心智。
- 阐述从达尔文到格里戈里的心智进化四阶段。
适合谁读
- 对意识起源、心灵哲学及认知科学感兴趣的读者。
- 希望了解丹尼尔·丹尼特自然化哲学思想的学者。
- 对人工智能、进化论与人类心智关系好奇的人。
读前提醒
- 部分概念如意向性较抽象，建议结合案例理解。
- 无需深奥哲学背景，但需耐心应对学术化表达。
- 可重点阅读关于动物心智与文化重塑的章节。
读者共识
- 内容极具启发性，是进入心灵哲学的极佳入门书。
- 部分章节晦涩难懂，语言风格略显拗口，需耐心。
- 观点新颖但争议并存，建议配合其他著作深入研读。
本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成，不等同于全文精读。
精彩摘录
- "anybody who can understand my words is automatically addressed by my pronoun ‘you,’ and only things with minds can understand - p.10 We human beings share a subjective world - and know that we do - in a way that is entirely beyond the capacities of any other creatures on the planet, because we can t"
- "There haven’t always been minds. We have minds, but we haven’t existed forever. We evolved from beings with simpler minds (if minds they were), who evolved from beings with still simpler candidates for minds. - p24"
- "The intentional stance is the strategy of interpreting the behavior of an entity (person, animal, artifact, whatever) by treating it as if it were a rational agent who governed its ‘choice’ of ‘action’ by a ‘consideration’ of its ‘beliefs’ and ‘desires’ - p.35 The design stance is a wonderful shortc"
- "Intentionality in the philosophical sense is just aboutness. Something exhibits intentionality if its competence is in some way about something else. - p.47 Intensionality-with-an-s is a feature of languages; it has no direct application to any other sort of representational system (pictures, maps, "
- "Intrinsic intentionality is the aboutness of our thoughts, our beliefs, our desires, our intentions (intentions in the ordinary sense). It is the obvious source of the distinctly limited and derived sort of aboutness exhibited by some of our artifacts - p.67 The derived intentionality of our artifac"
- "敏感性（sensitivity）：“Sensitivity need not involve consciousness at all. Photographic film comes in different grades of sensitivity to light”（p.84）。 感受性（sentience）：“It is the more or less standard term for what is imagined to be the lowest grade of consciousness”（p.84）。 时间尺度沙文主义（timescale chauvinism）：“T"
- "“My Body Has a Mind of Its Own!” 作为最具启发性的一章"
- "1.达尔文式生物（Darwinian creatures，p.110） 定义：通过基因变异和自然选择 “盲生盲试” 的有机体，无个体学习能力，筛选发生在物种层面。 核心机制：“候选有机体被盲目生成，仅最优设计存活”（A variety of candidate organisms were blindly generated... only the best designs survived，p.110）。 案例：早期单细胞生物、植物，其性状由遗传变异决定，无个体行为调整能力。 2. 斯金纳式生物（Skinnerian creatures，p.112） 定义：具备表型可塑性（phenotypi"
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