书籍介绍
丹尼特在这本书里抛出了一个颇具冒犯性的判断：动物感受不到痛，它们不过是精密的自动机。这个结论让不少读者倒吸一口凉气，却也正是全书最抓人的地方。他没有从抽象定义入手，而是把心灵看作进化长河里层层叠出的产物——从自然选择的达尔文心智，到斯金纳、波普尔、格里里的心智阶梯，一路走到人类独有的
AI导读
核心看点
- 融合哲学、AI与神经科学，探索意识本质。
- 提出意向立场，解析人类如何理解他者心智。
- 阐述从达尔文到格里戈里的心智进化四阶段。
读者共识
- 内容极具启发性，是进入心灵哲学的极佳入门书。
- 部分章节晦涩难懂，语言风格略显拗口，需耐心。
- 观点新颖但争议并存，建议配合其他著作深入研读。
精彩摘录
- "anybody who can understand my words is automatically addressed by my pronoun ‘you,’ and only things with minds can understand - p.10 We human beings share a subjective world - and know that we do - in a way that is entirely beyond the capacities of any other creatures on the planet, because we can t"
- "There haven’t always been minds. We have minds, but we haven’t existed forever. We evolved from beings with simpler minds (if minds they were), who evolved from beings with still simpler candidates for minds. - p24"
- "The intentional stance is the strategy of interpreting the behavior of an entity (person, animal, artifact, whatever) by treating it as if it were a rational agent who governed its ‘choice’ of ‘action’ by a ‘consideration’ of its ‘beliefs’ and ‘desires’ - p.35 The design stance is a wonderful shortc"
- "Intentionality in the philosophical sense is just aboutness. Something exhibits intentionality if its competence is in some way about something else. - p.47 Intensionality-with-an-s is a feature of languages; it has no direct application to any other sort of representational system (pictures, maps, "
- "Intrinsic intentionality is the aboutness of our thoughts, our beliefs, our desires, our intentions (intentions in the ordinary sense). It is the obvious source of the distinctly limited and derived sort of aboutness exhibited by some of our artifacts - p.67 The derived intentionality of our artifac"
- "敏感性（sensitivity）：“Sensitivity need not involve consciousness at all. Photographic film comes in different grades of sensitivity to light”（p.84）。 感受性（sentience）：“It is the more or less standard term for what is imagined to be the lowest grade of consciousness”（p.84）。 时间尺度沙文主义（timescale chauvinism）：“T"
- "“My Body Has a Mind of Its Own!” 作为最具启发性的一章"
- "1.达尔文式生物（Darwinian creatures，p.110） 定义：通过基因变异和自然选择 “盲生盲试” 的有机体，无个体学习能力，筛选发生在物种层面。 核心机制：“候选有机体被盲目生成，仅最优设计存活”（A variety of candidate organisms were blindly generated... only the best designs survived，p.110）。 案例：早期单细胞生物、植物，其性状由遗传变异决定，无个体行为调整能力。 2. 斯金纳式生物（Skinnerian creatures，p.112） 定义：具备表型可塑性（phenotypi"
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