书籍介绍
Noam Chomsky's first book on syntactic structures is one of the first serious attempts on the part of a linguist to construct within the tradition of scientific theory-construction a comprehensive theory of language which may be understood in the same sense that a chemical, biological theory is understood by experts in those fields. It is not a mere reorganization of the data into a new kind of library catalogue, nor another specualtive philosophy about the nature of man and language, but rather a rigorus explication of our intuitions about our language in terms of an overt axiom system, the theorems derivable from it, explicit results which may be compared with new data and other intuitions, all based plainly on an overt theory of the internal structure of languages; and it may well provide an opportunity for the application of explicity measures of simplicity to decide preference of one form over another form of grammar.
AI导读
核心看点
- 转换生成语法奠基之作，开启认知革命
- 用数学模型构建语法，强调形式与意义分离
- 提出有限状态语法局限，引入深层结构概念
适合谁读
- 语言学、认知科学及哲学专业学生
- 对语言底层逻辑与形式化理论感兴趣者
- 具备一定数理逻辑基础的学术研究者
读前提醒
- 本书实为学术论文，理论密度极高，非通俗读物
- 需具备形式逻辑基础，否则易陷入术语迷宫
- 建议结合后世解读或教材辅助理解核心概念
读者共识
- 语言学史上里程碑式的经典，影响深远
- 理论极具开创性，但阅读体验枯燥且艰难
- 逻辑严密如科学理论，彻底改变语言研究范式
本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成，不等同于全文精读。
精彩摘录
- "语言是“当下各种言语行为倾向的复合体，在这一复合体中，操同一语言的人必然趋于彼此相似”。"
- "MAKING SENSE OUT OF NONSENSE (1971) The Story of my Friend, Whose Colorless Green Ideas Sleep Furiously by Y. R. Chao (after Noam Chomsky) I have a friend who is always full of ideas, good ideas and bad ideas, fine ideas and crude ideas, old ideas and new ideas. Before putting his new ideas into pra"
- "Thus Adam's Eden-plot in far-off time: Colour-rampant fowers, trees a myriad green; Helped by God-bless'd wind and temp'rate clime. The path to primate knowledge unforseen, He sleeps in peace at eve with Eve. One apple later, he looks curiously At the gardens of dichromates, in whom colourless green"
- "研究确认了“意义运用理论”（ause-theory of meaning），即：语法是嵌入范围更广的符号学理论之内的，而符号学理论运用语法来确定意义及表达之所指。"
- "Thus phrase structure, taken as a linguistic level, has the fundamentally different and nontrivial character which, as we saw in the last paragraph of § 3, is required for some linguistic level. We cannot set up a hierarchy among the various representations of "the man hit the ball" ; we cannot subd"
- "「这些状态当中有一个是起始状态（initial state），有一个是终极状态（final state）。再假定机器从起始状态开始，经历整个状态序列（每次过渡都产生一个词），在终极状态终止。那么我们就把产生出来的同的序列叫作“句子”。因此每一台这样的机器都确定某种语言，即确定能用此方式产出的句子集。任何可以通过此类机器产生的语言我们都称其为有限状态语言（finite state language），我们把该机器本身称为有限状态语法（state grammar）」"
- "「①特别值得注意的是，由于成对的括号和对等限制，所有形式化的数理或逻辑系统的合格公式集都不能构成有限状态语」"
- "「单是以马尔可夫过程或类似模型建立起来的语法结构理论，不能解释或说明操英语的说话人为何会有能力说出和理解新的话语，同时又能排除不属于该语言的其他新（话语）序列」"
Walter de Gruyter的其他书籍查看全部
Platonicus amor
The Passion of Infinity
Child Language, Aphasia and Phonological Universals
Textgliederung
Diokletians Preisedikt
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