Deep Simplicity

John Gribbin

出版社

Random House

出版时间

2005-04-05

ISBN

9781400062560

评分

★★★★★
书籍介绍
Over the past two decades, no field of scientific inquiry has had a more striking impact across a wide array of disciplines–from biology to physics, computing to meteorology–than that known as chaos and complexity, the study of complex systems. Now astrophysicist John Gribbin draws on his expertise to explore, in prose that communicates not only the wonder but the substance of cutting-edge science, the principles behind chaos and complexity. He reveals the remarkable ways these two revolutionary theories have been applied over the last twenty years to explain all sorts of phenomena–from weather patterns to mass extinctions. Grounding these paradigm-shifting ideas in their historical context, Gribbin also traces their development from Newton to Darwin to Lorenz, Prigogine, and Lovelock, demonstrating how–far from overturning all that has gone before–chaos and complexity are the triumphant extensions of simple scientific laws. Ultimately, Gribbin illustrates how chaos and complexity permeate the universe on every scale, governing the evolution of life and galaxies alike.
AI导读
核心看点
  • 揭示混沌与复杂性理论如何解释世界
  • 探讨从牛顿到达尔文的科学思想演变
  • 阐释简单规则如何涌现出复杂表象
适合谁读
  • 对跨学科科学原理感兴趣的读者
  • 芒格推荐书籍的忠实追随者
  • 希望理解复杂系统底层逻辑的人
读前提醒
  • 内容涉猎极广,章节间联系较松散
  • 部分理论深奥,需耐心克服阅读障碍
  • 建议结合具体案例理解抽象概念
读者共识
  • 核心观点深刻,但部分章节略显晦涩
  • 翻译版本质量参差不齐,建议慎选
  • 提供认知复杂世界的全新思维工具

本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成,不等同于全文精读。

精彩摘录
  • "Life, of course, seems to defy this process, by creating order and structure out of disordered (or at least, less ordered) materials. A plant builds its structure, and may make beautiful flowers, out of carbon dioxide, water, and a few traces of other chemicals. But it only does so with the aid of s"
  • "Away from equilibrium, a flow of energy can, under the right circumstances, create order spontaneously. This is a crucial insight into our own existence, since there is no denying that we are ordered creatures, and there is overwhelming evidence that the Universe began in a state of much less order."
  • "In a sense, classical thermodynamics pretends that time does not exist. ... Classical thermodynamics also assumes that there is no flow of energy – specifically, heat – through a system. ... Dissipation of energy is an essential feature of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, giving us another way of ref"
  • "Turing showed that there are systems which cannot be ‘compressed’ algorithmically, and whose most compact representations are themselves – one of the key concepts we encountered, from another direction, in our earlier discussion of chaos. In particular, as we have seen, the shortest description of t"
  • "当然,动物不见得一定会有图案,即使相关的生化机制确实存在。这种机制可以被关掉,我们从进化的角度很容易看出,比如像北极熊就只有单一的白色外表。但当图案显现时,由表面大小产生不同图案的关联性,我们可以从猫科动物的尾巴上找到一个十分有趣的例子。对于基本上是柱状的尾巴,图案可能是斑点或环绕尾巴的圆环。但像美洲豹,即使开始时以斑点覆盖,到了尾巴末端,尾尖上形成的仍是条纹图案,这与模型所预测的条纹出现在较小表面,斑点出现在较大表面的结果一致。 这个模型有个重要特质,动物表面图案并非取决于成年动物的大小与形状,而取决于图灵式的过程发生时胚胎的大小与形状。当然,大象胚胎会比老鼠胚胎大;但胚胎大小的重要性可以从"
  • "但当我终于知道混沌是怎么一回事时,我还是大吃一惊。我的理解是:重点只在于某些系统(“系统”包含的范围可以很广,比如摆荡的钟摆、太阳系或水龙头的滴水规律)对于初始条件非常敏感,因此初始“那一刹那”的少许差异,会造成截然不同的结果。此外,还有“反馈( feedback),反馈使得系统会影响自身的行为。这一切看起来太完美了,简单得令人难以置信!因此当我请教朋友吉米・拉夫洛克( Jim Lovelock)时,我问道:“是否混沌和复杂所探讨的一切,只是建立于两个简单的概念之上——系统对初始状态的敏感以及回馈?”他回答:“一点几也没错,全都包在里面。”"
  • "我们今天所知道的热力学第二定律有许多不同的表达方式,在1852年首度清楚地提出这个理论的事英国乌鲁学家威廉汤姆森,他把重点放在‘散失(Dissipation)’的观念上。虽然大自然的运作可以被看成一个将热转换为功(或运动)的巨大机器,总会有一些热在这个过程中散失;不是真的消失,只是扩散到整个宇宙中,使其整体温度升高一些。这个主张脱离了当时能量守恒定律(热力学第一定律)的概念,因为这样一来,虽然宇宙的总能量不变,‘可使用能量’却不断减少。这促使物理学家必须想出方法量化一个封闭系统(整个宇宙)中可使用的能量,才能界定其数值并用方程式处理。因此,德国的克劳修斯在1860年代中期提出了‘熵(entro"
  • "这故事还有个情节。就目前所知,我们有这样大的卫星——月亮——最佳解释是在太阳系形成早期,有一个接近火星大小的小星体,因为混沌作用脱离小行星带撞上地球,而溅起的熔化物质在太空中形成月亮。"
用户评论
标题党,人生的努力方向
纯生物进化无人类,无收获看不下去
这类书普遍的一个问题是涉猎太宽,章与章之间的关系就散了。深奥的简洁的思路在1/f这个公式上体现比较明显,其他的就差一些
看看
好多次阅读的时候灵光一现。不过,一下又没了。
是本好书 但是好多都看得我晕晕的…不懂啊
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