The Curse of Bigness - Tim Wu, 吴修铭

The Curse of Bigness

Tim Wu, 吴修铭

出版时间

2018-11-13

ISBN

9780999745465

评分

★★★★★
书籍介绍
From the man who coined the term "net neutrality," author of The Master Switch and The Attention Merchants, comes a warning about the dangers of excessive corporate and industrial concentration for our economic and political future. We live in an age of extreme corporate concentration, in which global industries are controlled by just a few giant firms -- big banks, big pharma, and big tech, just to name a few. But concern over what Louis Brandeis called the "curse of bigness" can no longer remain the province of specialist lawyers and economists, for it has spilled over into policy and politics, even threatening democracy itself. History suggests that tolerance of inequality and failing to control excessive corporate power may prompt the rise of populism, nationalism, extremist politicians, and fascist regimes. In short, as Wu warns, we are in grave danger of repeating the signature errors of the twentieth century. In The Curse of Bigness, Columbia professor Tim Wu tells of how figures like Brandeis and Theodore Roosevelt first confronted the democratic threats posed by the great trusts of the Gilded Age--but the lessons of the Progressive Era were forgotten in the last 40 years. He calls for recovering the lost tenets of the trustbusting age as part of a broader revival of American progressive ideas as we confront the fallout of persistent and extreme economic inequality.
AI导读
核心看点
  • 警示企业过度集中对民主制度的威胁
  • 批判仅以消费者福利衡量垄断的局限
  • 梳理美国反垄断法从兴盛到衰落的历史
适合谁读
  • 关注科技巨头垄断与政治经济议题者
  • 对法律史、资本主义演变感兴趣的读者
  • 希望快速了解反垄断法核心逻辑的入门者
读前提醒
  • 学术性较强,建议结合历史背景阅读
  • 作者观点鲜明,需辩证看待其政治立场
  • 篇幅短小精悍,适合碎片化时间快速通读
读者共识
  • 文笔流畅幽默,是极佳的反垄断入门读物
  • 深刻揭示垄断与法西斯主义之间的潜在联系
  • 观点虽被部分读者认为重复,但逻辑自洽有力

本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成,不等同于全文精读。

精彩摘录
  • "If we learned one thing from the Gilded Age, it should have been this: The road to fascism and dictatorship is paved with failures of economic policy to serve the needs of the general public."
  • "This was the Trust Movement’s underlying philosophy and vision of what an economy should be: centralized, run by great men, free from any government interference, and to promote survival of the fittest, largely indifferent to the plight or demise of the weak, the poor, and the unfit."
  • "Concentrated private power can serve as a threat to the Constitutional design, and the enforcement of the antitrust law can provide a final check on private power."
  • "As a business gets larger, it begins to enjoy a different kind of advantages having less to do with efficiencies of operation, and more to do with its ability to wield economic and political power, by itself or conjunction with others."
  • "The English Magna Carta, the Constitution of the United States, and other foundational laws of democracies around the world were all created with the idea that power should be limited—that it should be distributed, decentralized, checked, and balanced, so that no person or institution could enjoy un"
  • "第一个时期 19世纪60和70年代。这时,自由竞争资本主义发展到了顶点,垄断组织开始出现,但只是处于萌芽状态。如在60年代,美国工矿业和铁路业中出现了称作“普尔”的垄断组织。它们在企业间订立短期协定,规定共同价格,分配营业额和划分销售市场。德国在1857年出现了第一个卡特尔,到1870年增加到6个。 第二个时期 1873年爆发严重经济危机以后到80年代。在这个时期,连续发生的经济危机使生产和资本的集中进一步加强,垄断组织得到了广泛发展。1882年,美国出现第一个托拉斯,即J.D.洛克菲勒(1839~1937)的美孚石油托拉斯,接着80年代在榨油、造酒、制糖、火柴、烟草、屠宰和采煤等部门都出现了"
  • "斯宾塞虽然比达尔文更早提出进化的思想,但仍然受达尔文生物进化论的影响,并将生存竞争、自然选择的原则移植到社会理论之中。他认为,社会的进化过程同生物进化过程一样,也是优胜劣败、适者生存,生物界生存竞争的原则在社会里也起着支配作用。 人类有优等种族和劣等种族、优秀个人和低能个人之分。劣等的、低能的种族与个体应当在竞争中被淘汰。他还认为,进化是一种自然的过程,应遵循其自身的规律,而不应人为地干预。他既反对国家计划和社会福利,也反对社会改良和社会革命,认为这些都是违反自然规律的。斯宾塞的进化论对美国早期社会学家W.G.萨姆纳等人及社会达尔文主义者有很大影响。在当代文化人类学的结构分化理论和发展社会学的"
  • "谢尔曼法是1890年,美国国会制定的第一部反托拉斯法,也是美国历史上第一个授权联邦政府控制、干预经济的法案。该法规定:凡以托拉斯形式订立契约、实行合并或阴谋限制贸易的行为,旨在垄断州际商业和贸易的任何一部分的垄断或试图垄断、联合或共谋犯罪的行为,均属违法。违反该法的个人或组织,将受到民事的或刑事的制裁。该法奠定了反垄断法的坚实基础,仍然是美国反垄断的基本准则。但是,该法对什么是垄断行为、什么是限制贸易活动没做出明确解释,为司法解释留下了广泛的空间,而且这种司法解释要受到经济背景的深刻影响。"
作者简介
Tim Wu is a policy advocate, a professor at Columbia Law School and a contributing opinion writer for The New York Times. He is best known for coining the phrase "net neutrality." He worked on competition policy in the Obama White House and the Federal Trade Commission, served as senior enforcement counsel at the New York Office of the Attorney General, and worked at the Supreme Court for Justice Stephen Breyer. His previous books are The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires and The Attention Merchants: The Epic Scramble to Get Inside our Heads.
用户评论
谢谢Tim Wu的input
好长一段时间我都不理解崇尚自由经济的美国为何都在饭托拉低。这本书给了我很好的答案,这是对自由经济的反思,当企业垄断的能力太大,它的权力就超越了商业,而渗透到政治、社会的方方面面,最终会伤害到民主社会。以前的人提倡consumer welfare,但却只是以消费者付出的价格有没增加为垄断是好是坏的唯一标准。作者呼唤的是一种新的评判标准:垄断是不是抑制了竞争,只要抑制了竞争,这种trust都要被anti。话又说回来,这理念很好,但实操起来也很难……怎么去衡量是否抑制竞争呢。
All the more worthy exactly bc it advocates well-supported common sense. 芝加哥学派的痛点在于,深刻真理在我们最需要它的时候经常只以信仰的方式现身,再过几十年才能实证地领悟,who's to enjoy the benefit of the doubt本质是个政治问题,不是经济问题,要看时代的议程。打算就此写一篇文章,题目都想好了,faith-based antitrust law,我能写出来吗拭目以待!吴修铭文笔很好,一点都不油滑,跟他只是学写作也值得
作者真是会写。
好看!
反垄断的角度绝不仅仅只有经济效率。但还有的那部分具体是什么,难以描述。精确的、具有可操作性的理论还是更有吸引力。
篇幅很短,但是观点重复率也太高了,不断复读着自己对于历史的解读和big tech开刀的执念。
一本简明的小册子,记述从1910s到2000s期间美国的反垄断运动历史,并提出改变对美国互联网垄断巨头的垄断现状。值得反思中国的情况。
我们正在重现一个世纪之前,亦即第一个镀金年代的经济与政治,仍然在重蹈更多二十世纪重大错误的巨大危险。那个时代的教训让我们知道,极端的经济集中会导致严重的不平等与物质痛苦,因而助长人们支持民族主义与极端主义的领导政权。我们对上个世纪最大的教训视而不见,并往同样的道路走去。如果说我们从镀金年代学到一件事,那就是:通往法西斯主义与独裁政权的道路上,铺满了未能满足一般大众需求的经济政策。本书的主要目的是了解如何恢复以及更新针对企业巨兽的典型解方——反托拉斯法和其他反垄断法,来迎接我们这个时代的挑战。在将近一个世纪中,反托拉斯法一直是反垄断规范的实践与理论,它试着限制产业过度集中,并且管制垄断的行为。集中的产业有充分的理由投资政治影响力。而且,产业愈集中,需要协调的人就愈少,需要分担的风险也就越少。
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