Gregory Clark is professor of economics at the University of California, Davis. He is the author of A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton).
AI导读
核心看点
利用姓氏追踪揭示社会流动性远低于预期
代际地位继承率稳定在0.7至0.9之间
社会地位传承类似身高等生物特性遗传
读者共识
论证新颖且数据详实,但结论令人感到绝望
政府干预对提升社会流动性效果甚微
跨阶层通婚才是打破阶层固化的关键因素
精彩摘录
"這種代際的相關性與另一個重要概念緊密關聯,即回歸平均數速度率(rate of regression to the mean,計算的方法是1减去相關性)。這是每個偏離社會平均状態的家庭或社會群體,在每一個世代向這個平均状態移動的平均速率。因此我們把代際相關性硯為特性的持續率(persistence rate)。代際相關性可解釋為「社會熵」(social entropy)的測量之一。相關性愈小,社會熵的程度就愈大,而社會中特定優勢和劣勢結構解體的速度就愈快。"
“Mobility has always been slow. Large-scale, rapid social mobility is impossible to legislate. What governments can do is ameliorate the effects of life’s inherent unfairness. Where we will fall within the social spectrum is largely fated at birth.”