Predictably Irrational, Revised and Expanded Edition

Dan Ariely

出版社

Harper

出版时间

2009-06-01

ISBN

9780061854545

评分

★★★★★
书籍介绍

How do we think about money?

What caused bankers to lose sight of the economy?

What caused individuals to take on mortgages that were not within their means?

What irrational forces guided our decisions?

And how can we recover from an economic crisis?

In this revised and expanded edition of the New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller Predictably Irrational, Duke University's behavioral economist Dan Ariely explores the hidden forces that shape our decisions, including some of the causes responsible for the current economic crisis. Bringing a much-needed dose of sophisticated psychological study to the realm of public policy, Ariely offers his own insights into the irrationalities of everyday life, the decisions that led us to the financial meltdown of 2008, and the general ways we get ourselves into trouble.

Blending common experiences and clever experiments with groundbreaking analysis, Ariely demonstrates how expectations, emotions, social norms, and other invisible, seemingly illogical forces skew our reasoning abilities. As he explains, our reliance on standard economic theory to design personal, national, and global policies may, in fact, be dangerous. The mistakes that we make as individuals and institutions are not random, and they can aggregate in the market—with devastating results. In light of our current economic crisis, the consequences of these systematic and predictable mistakes have never been clearer.

Packed with new studies and thought-provoking responses to readers' questions and comments, this revised and expanded edition of Predictably Irrational will changethe way we interact with the world—from the small decisions we make in our own lives to the individual and collective choices that shape our economy.

Dr. Dan Ariely, 40, is the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Behavioral Economics at MIT, where he holds a joint appointment between MIT’s Program in Media Arts and Sciences and the Sloan School of Management. He is also a visiting scholar at the Boston Federal Reserve Bank and a fellow at the Institute for Advance Study at Princeton. Dr. Ariely publishes widely in the leading schol...

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AI导读
核心看点
  • 揭示人类决策中可预测的非理性规律
  • 免费心理导致高估物品真实价值
  • 社会规范与金钱规范对行为的影响
适合谁读
  • 对行为经济学感兴趣的入门读者
  • 希望优化个人消费决策的人群
  • 关注心理学在日常生活中的应用者
读前提醒
  • 关注书中有趣的实验设计而非仅看结论
  • 结合2008年金融危机背景理解经济决策
  • 警惕免费诱惑,理性评估隐性成本
读者共识
  • 实验案例生动有趣,极具启发性
  • 作为行为经济学科普读物非常合适
  • 部分观点有助于反思日常消费习惯

本导读基于书籍简介、目录、原文摘录、短评和书评生成,不等同于全文精读。

精彩摘录
  • "免费到底为什么如此诱人?为什么我们有一种非理性的冲动,见到免费的东西就勇往直前,即使这些东西我们并不真的需要? 我认为答案是这样的。多数交易都有有利的一面和不利的一面,但免费使我们忘记了不利的一面。免费给我们造成的一种情绪冲动,让我们误认为免费物品大大高于它的真正价值。为什么?我认为是由于人类本能地惧怕损失。免费的真正诱惑力是与这种惧怕心理联系在一起的。我们选择某一免费的物品不会有显而易见的损失。但是假如我们选择的物品是不免费的,那就会有风险,可能作出错误决定,可能蒙受损失。于是,如果让我们选择,我们就尽量朝免费的方向去找。"
  • "我们所有人,不管有多"善良",都会低估激情对我们的影响。"
  • "要懂得相对论无处不在,我们对一切事物的观察都必然通过它的镜头,玫瑰色也好,其他色也罢。如果你在其他国家,其他城市遇到某人,他(她)似乎对你有一种神秘的吸引力,你要明白这种魅力可能仅限于特定的环境。有了这样的认识,即使日后魅力消失你也不会感到失望。"
  • "我们付款时——无论多少——会感受到某种程度的心理痛苦,社会学家称之为“付款痛苦”。这就是说我们挣钱不容易,付钱时就会有一种非快感(负快感),任何情况下都是如此。事实证明,“付款痛苦”有两个有趣的特点。第一,付款为零时(例如别人付了账单),我们感觉不到付款的痛苦;第二,这一点不那么明显,“付款痛苦”的敏感程度随付款金额增加而相对下降。也就是说,付款越多,我们感到的痛苦越大,但是随着金额增加,账单上新增的每一美元带给我们的痛苦感逐步减弱。 我们都喜欢免费就餐,如果我们能轮流做东,就能享受到若干次免费就餐,并且大家都能从朋友之间的友好交往中得到更多好处。"
  • "这就是说,从金钱角度来看礼品的效能很低,但它却是一种非常重要的社会润滑剂。它可以帮助我们结交朋友,建立长远的关系,帮我们度过人生的风风雨雨。有时候,这种金钱上的浪费,后来却证明了有不可估量的实际价值。"
  • "如果某一特定的与其行为导致即时的负面结果(惩罚),这一行为将很难促动,即使最终结果(在我这一案例中,增进健康)的预期价值很高也不例外。 我猜测再过几十年,正在能够提高我们平均寿命预期和生活质量的,与其说是医疗技术的进步,不如说是人们生活方式决策的改善。既然不注重长远利益是人类的自然倾向,我们也应该特别仔细地研究一再重复出错的案例,尽力找出矫正补救这些问题的措施。 把我们喜欢的事物与不喜欢的,但对我们有好处的事物关联匹配,我们有可能用最终结果来控制欲望——从而克服我们日常生活中面临的自我控制问题。"
  • "我们对自己的东西估价过高这一倾向,是人类的一种基本偏见,反映出一种更为普遍的倾向,人们对那些和自己有关的所有事物一见倾心、高看一眼。"
  • "伟大的讽刺作家亚历山大·普柏曾经写道:“不抱有期望的人有福了,因为他永远不会失望。” 事实说明,正面预期增强我们对周围世界的欣赏,改善我们对世界的观察力。不抱期望的危险在于,到头来,我们什么也得不到。"
作者简介
Dr. Dan Ariely, 40, is the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Behavioral Economics at MIT, where he holds a joint appointment between MIT’s Program in Media Arts and Sciences and the Sloan School of Management. He is also a visiting scholar at the Boston Federal Reserve Bank and a fellow at the Institute for Advance Study at Princeton. Dr. Ariely publishes widely in the leading scholarly journals in economics, psychology, and business. His work has been featured in a variety of media including The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Boston Globe, Business 2.0, Scientific American, Science, CNN, NPR, and he was interviewed for ABC 20/20’s segment on Freakonomics. Born in New York City, he lives in Boston, MA and Princeton, NJ.
目录
Introduction How an Injury Led Me to Irrationality and to the Research Described Here
Ch. 1 The Truth about Relativity: Why Everything Is Relative - Even When It Shouldn't Be 1
Ch. 2 The Fallacy of Supply and Demand: Why the Price of Pearls - and Everything Else - Is Up in the Air 23
Ch. 3 The Cost of Zero Cost: Why We Often Pay Too Much When We Pay Nothing 49
Ch. 4 The Cost of Social Norms: Why We Are Happy to Do Things, but Not When We Are Paid to Do Them 67

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用户评论
新东西不多
许多观点对生活是比较有用的
对理性经济人假设的一次次松动,引出多种反直觉的结论。每一章的实验设计很有趣也很有启发性。作为一本行为经济学的科普读物,营养均衡易消化。
修订,扩编版终于读完了,不愧经典
作者还蛮幽默的,倒是一定程度引发思考平常生活中经常发生但从未注意到的现象。几个观点有点东西,但没有特别深入,而且每章花了很长的篇幅举例他的实验,还有无数次被他实验的MIT学生。最后修订的里面没太多东西,总之作为behavioral econ入门读读还是不错的
很啰嗦。部分建议很可笑,如让银行设置具有内在消费限制的信用卡,尽管他也清楚内在的利益冲突问题。在银行和信用卡的问题上,《How We Decide》要写得更好。有意思的是,这本书也提了Paulson改变TARP用途却没有给公众交代涉及的诚信问题,可见该问题给公众心理伤害之大。
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