书籍 A New Kind of Science的封面

A New Kind of Science

Stephen Wolfram

出版时间

2002-04-30

ISBN

9781579550080

评分

★★★★★
书籍介绍

Two decades in the making, this long-awaited work from one of the world's most respected scientists presents a series of dramatic discoveries never before made public. Starting from a collection of simple computer experiments--illustrated in the book by striking computer graphics--Wolfram shows how their unexpected results force a whole new way of looking at the operation of our universe.

Wolfram uses his approach to tackle a remarkable array of fundamental problems in science: from the origin of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to the development of complexity in biology, the computational limitations of mathematics, the possibility of a truly fundamental theory of physics, and the interplay between free will and determinism.

Written with exceptional clarity and illustrated by more than a thousand original pictures, this seminal book allows scientists and nonscientists alike to participate in what promises to be a major intellectual revolution.

目录
Preface | The Foundations for a New Kind of Science | The Crucial Experiment | The World of Simple Programs | Systems Based on Numbers | Two Dimensions and Beyond | Starting from Randomness | Mechanisms in Programs and Nature | Implications for Everyday Systems | Fundamental Physics | Processes of Perception and Analysis | The Notion of Computation | The Principle of Computational Equivalence | Notes | Index
用户评论
cellular automaton 元细胞机——本书的三分之一篇幅(400页左右)是256种一元三相元细胞机的状态图,直观展示了 简单、重复、复杂和混沌 系统的情况。256种最后一类outlier有3种(简单的规则产生混沌、非线性且难预测的逐步后果)。 多用用WolframAlpha向作者致敬!(作者也是mathematica创始人、充满宇宙之美与元气的数学模拟与计算软件……)
快速翻了一遍,想用它描述复杂系统,却发现似乎更适合用来计算和解释自然界简单纯粹的过程。
看不懂,哈哈,真心看不懂
我是Stephen Wolfram黑,谢谢。
最开始介绍了诸如Celluar automata,mobile automata, Turing machine, register machine等自动化系统,通过大量举例想说明几个重要点:简单可以产生复杂,离散下的现象在连续情况下依旧存在。后面还重新定义了随机,甚至Mathematica中的Random方法就是通过Rule30产生。剩下的部分就是用Cellular automata去类比数学系统、物理系统中的现象,以此来说明它们之间等价的可能性。最后讨论了介绍的自动系统之间的等价性,以及计算的等价性。前面还好,还能跟上,从中间开始就崩溃了,太笨了。Wolfram通过大量实验来介绍他所谓的New Kind of Science,貌似不太入很多人的法眼啊。
自吹自擂的元胞自动机宇宙观
Stephen Wolfram 是最接近上帝的,元胞机的模型是对真实世界的抽象。但是有一个洞见,是Wolfram没有提到的,那就是 “分形元胞”,第10000步的复杂度跟第50步的复杂度是同等复杂的!对应到现实世界:眼看他起高硫,眼看他宴宾客,眼看他楼塌了。所有的一切都是从不同维度的根据基本规则的发展。
Wolfram在书中用类似非冯诺依曼架构的计算模型(元胞自动机etc.,),试图提出一种比基础物理更加底层的万物理论“通用计算理论”。抛开书中至少用了一百次“I strongly suspect” “I strongly believe”不说,当这样一种理论似乎都不具备可证伪性时,他还能被称为一种科学吗
Cellular Automata字典 NB