Coercion, Capital and European States, A.D.990-1992

这本书最锋利的地方，在于它把'国家'从人们习以为成的终点拉回到一个充满偶然的过程。蒂利没有把现代民族国家当作理所当然的目标去倒推历史，而是追问：中世纪那些王国、城市和教会，究竟是如何一步步被官僚制和直接统治所取代的？他的答案出人意料又极具解释力——战争并非简单地'催生'国家，而是通过'强制'与'资本'的多种组合，塑造出形态各异的政权。强制密集的国家靠地主榨取资源，机构庞大；资本密集的国家凭借借贷、征税与信用高效作战，却维持着精简的官僚。更耐人寻味的是'讨价还价'这一环节：统治者以绞死头目而非全体、以特权换贷款的方式与民众协商，公民权正是从这场关于战争手段的斗争中被反复推敲出来的契约。它适合愿意啃读财政、货币化与税收机制的读者，也适合对'国家从何而来'这一根本问题好奇的人。

Charles Tilly (May 27, 1929 – April 29, 2008) was an American sociologist, political scientist, and historian who wrote on the relationship between politics and society. He was the Joseph L. Buttenwieser Professor of Social Science at Columbia University. Tilly's academic work covered multiple topics in the social sciences and influenced scholarship in disciplines outside of sociology, including history and political science. He is considered a major figure in the development of historical sociology, the early use of quantitative methods in historical analysis, the methodology of event cataloguing, the turn towards relational and social-network modes of inquiry, the development of process- and mechanism-based analysis, as well as the study of: contentious politics, social movements, the history of labor, state formation, revolutions, democratization, inequality, and urban sociology.