书籍介绍
一本关于欧洲国家如何诞生的著作，却常常引发关于它是否真正讲清了历史的争论。作者埃特曼提出两个变量：地方政府的组织形态，以及地缘军事竞争爆发的时机，试图解释为何有的国家走向专制、有的走向立宪、官僚体系又如何分化。读者普遍认可其分析框架的锐利——尤其是将"关键事件的时间节点"作为解释变量，让历史不再是偶然的堆砌。但争议也正源于此：不少读者觉得，当复杂的史实被压缩进一张列联表式的类型学表格，某些例外案例（英国、波兰、匈牙利）的论证显得因果循环、经不起细看；方法上既想迁就控制求异法，又想照顾历史叙述，反而显得纠结。对没有社会学基础的读者而言，前三章的论证尤其陌生。它适合愿意啃比较政治分析方法、并乐于质疑"表格能否装下真实历史"的读者，而非寻求流畅叙事的普通历史爱好者。
作者简介
Thomas Ertman
Associate Professor of Sociology; Director of Undergraduate Studies
Ph.D. 1990, M.A. 1985, B.A. 1981, Harvard University.
Office Address: 295 Lafayette St., Room 4110
Phone: (212) 998-8359
Email: [email protected]
Areas of Research/Interest: Comparative/historical sociology; political sociology; social theory; sociology of the arts.
Bio:
For as far back as I can remember, I have struggled to understand why Europe--and especially Germany--left the path of peace and prosperity after 1914 for that of war and genocide. While an undergraduate, I thought philosophy might throw some light on this problem, but I found its answers too abstract. It was the intellectual dynamism of historical sociology in the early 1980's, open as it was to the latest developments in history, social theory and political science, that persuaded me that I could best pursue this question further as a graduate student in sociology.
Select Publications:
Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge University Press, 1997. Barrington Moore Prize of the ASA 1998.
"Democracy and Dictatorship in Interwar Western Europe Revisited." World Politics, April 1998.
Taming the Leviathan: Building Democratic Nation-States in 19th and 20th Century Western Europe. (In Progress.)
精彩摘录
- "第二，如果私人占有的官职与任命—委托关系结合在一起，没有为削减预算留下任何空间，那么，“国家贵族”（noblesse d'etat）和其他有特权的群体所拥有的政治影响扩张了捐税的基础。这是回应财政需求不断增加的另一个逻辑，但也是不可能的。"
- "Second, if proprietary officeholding combined with patron-client relationships left little room for budget cuts, the political influence enjoyed by the noblesse d'etat and other privileged groups rendered an expansion of the tax base, the other logical response to increased fiscal demands, all but i"
目录
1. Introduction
2. The origins of patrimonial absolutism in Latin Europe
3. The triumph of patrimonial absolutism and the failure of reform in Latin Europe, c. 1500–1789
4. Bureaucratic constitutionalism in Britain
5. Bureaucratic absolutism in Germany
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用户评论
将老师的求同测异法和关键事件时间节点视角发展到极致并试图推展到中东欧，也使其摇摇欲坠。首先，三个看似相互独立的自变量中有两个似只是中介变量，地方自治形式（参与式和中心控制式）对国会组织是否独立发挥强大作用有重要影响（尤其是地域为基础之国会组织），而不同国家的这一状况，进一步发展出关键节点（地缘军事冲突）出现时统治者所能动用的国家组织资源形式。三者似乎是同一链条上的东西。其次也是因自变量不清导致自打嘴巴的惨剧：多个案例（英格兰、匈牙利、波兰）与双变量预测不符，只好匆匆引入国会强度并再次引用两组对比的时间点来救场，逻辑混乱，其实两个2X2表格根本塞不下详细的分类。再次，其实全书中心问题无非是国家（统治者）政权原则、稳定官僚系统和国会组织三者的关系，但太多笔墨浪费在边缘事件上反而模糊了这一核心。
Ertman在方法上似乎既想讨好那个求同求异法，又不想得罪那些偏重叙述的历史主义，于是弄成两个二乘二，当中还驳了自己一下，看着好纠结。
1、增加了dimension of state infrastructure，是点睛之笔。
2、基于character of local government来解释regime，很有说服力。
3、state infrastructure与strong representative institution的出现次序造就了英国和波兰的不同命运。
本周第二本书了
2018 fall: state-building in Medieval and early modern Europe. factors to explain variation in political regimes and in state infrastructures: the organization of local government, the timing of the onset of sustained geopolitical competition, the independent influence of strong representative assemblies on administrative and financial institution.
其实只看了Introduction用时间本身作为解释变量确实是挺有意义的做法
Most comprehensive and insightful masterpiece of state formation theories
比较历史社会学的代表作。对于不同类型国家形成的原因做了精致的分析。但遗憾的是，在政治科学家看来，this is just a story, far away from political science.
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