书籍介绍
诺斯与托马斯的这部著作,最耐人寻味之处不在于它给出了标准答案,而在于它如何重新定义了"兴起"二字。当人们习惯把西欧的繁荣归因于技术、地理或殖民掠夺时,作者却把目光投向了一个更幽深的机制:产权制度如何改变人的成本-收益计算,进而改变生育率、婚姻、技术选择乃至整个社会的组织形态。书中那个"孩子是一种资产"的判断尤为犀利——当土地丰裕时多生是理性的,当土地被占满时人们便转向节制,经济增长由此不再只是生产的扩张,而是激励结构的根本转向。也正因如此,读者对其褒贬不一:有人盛赞它"耳目一新",也有人诟病它重模型而轻史料、把交易成本的降低讲得"只讲其然"。它适合那些不满足于"西欧为何富有"这一表面答案、愿意追问制度究竟如何塑造激励的读者,而不适合寻求实证细节或国别史考证的人。
作者简介
Douglass C. North is also professor of history and a fellow of the Center in Political Economy. He was on the faculty of the University of Washington and held visiting chairs at Cambridge and Rice Universities. In 1993 he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has served as president of the Economic History Association and the Western Economic Association. His major interest is the evolution of economic and political institutions. The effects of institutions on the development of economies through time is a major emphasis in his work in both economic history and development. Among his books are The Rise of the Western World (with R. P. Thomas, 2nd edition), 1973, Growth and Welfare in the American Past, 1973, Structure and Change in Economic History, 1981, and Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, 1990.