书籍介绍

Book Description

Ranging over central issues of morals and politics, this book discusses the nature of freedom and authority. It examines the role of value-neutrality, rights, equality, and the prevention of harm in the liberal tradition, and relates them to fundamental moral questions such as the relation of values to social forms, the comparability of values, and the significance of personal commitments.

Synopsis

Ranging over central issues of morals and politics, this book discusses the nature of freedom and authority. It examines the role of value-neutrality, rights, equality, and the prevention of harm in the liberal tradition, and relates them to fundamental moral questions such as the relation of values to social forms, the comparability of values, and the significance of personal commitments.

Joseph Raz (/rɑːz/; Hebrew: יוסף רז; born 21 March 1939) is an Israeli legal, moral and political philosopher. He is one of the most prominent advocates of legal positivism and is well known for his conception of perfectionist liberalism. Raz spent most of his career as a professor of philosophy of law at the University of Oxford associated with Balliol College, and is now a pa...

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精彩摘录

"并不能证明政治中立的合理性。有关中立的论证仍然有待于进一步的假定，即选择诸多原则以实现正义的社会作用是人们的最高利益。没有这一假设的支持，我们就没有理由相信，在原初状态下能够达成任何的一致同意。罗尔斯既没有说明这一假定来自于康德式的洞见，也没有说明它将导致中立的政治关注。"
"依赖于一种看似合理，而没有任何理由的信念，即承认对于一致通过的正义原则的需求是每个人的最高利益。此外，这种直觉观念的表述方式不可能得到罗尔斯的赞同。它倡导的不是作为一种限制原则的中立的政治关注，而是在诸多善观念之间的中立，这种观念极其重视符合人的理性本质的个人生活的自律发展。这在事实上不是一种中立理论，而是道德多元主义理论。"

作者简介

Joseph Raz (/rɑːz/; Hebrew: יוסף רז; born 21 March 1939) is an Israeli legal, moral and political philosopher. He is one of the most prominent advocates of legal positivism and is well known for his conception of perfectionist liberalism. Raz spent most of his career as a professor of philosophy of law at the University of Oxford associated with Balliol College, and is now a part-time professor of law at Columbia University Law School and a part-time professor at King's College London.

1 The Problem of Political Freedom

I The Bounds of Authority

2 Authority and Reason

3 The Justification of Authority

4 The Authority of States

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用户评论

读了autonomy and politics的部分喜欢Raz！His argument makes choice depend upon diversity. Autonomous choices can be made only where there are legitimate alternatives (relationships, commitments, etc.) Moral Pluralist model requires that I should understand others are justified in doing one thing even though im justified in adopting an incompatible value

泛读权威三篇文章。拉兹一直没有解决的问题是事实上的权威如何能够解释法律的规范性，事实与价值关系一直被拉兹回避。同时提出权威的依赖性与替代性命题。前者调和权威与理性，后者论证权威的必要性。拉兹也以共识论为基础提出尊重法律和政治义务的理据。在这里拉兹似乎把法律规范性和我们服从法律的政治义务视为两个不同层面的问题，这当然可以讨论。

拉兹在本文中试图通过利益建构起权威和个人自由之间的联系，其实主要的论证在我看来是通过两部分组成的，第一部分当然是直接解释他的服务性权威观，但仅仅这些当然是不够的，通过对功利主义，自由主义的反驳和对家长主义的些许辩护，他建构了自己所理解的道德世界，个人行为会建构自己的morality，而autonomy自然就成为了well being能实现的关键，在这之中authority所要做的就是为autonomy创造条件，由此他也解决了authority和autonomy之间的困境，哎这么看看好像挺简单的，但他的论证真的复杂而精巧，就像是个艺术品一样……

基于客观价值构建的公共生活和伦理生活之整体图景（第一本精读完的英文专著，也是我权利问题的启蒙著作，书评留待日后有空再写）

读了关于autonomy和pluralism的节选，结尾处又被诡异地戳中燃点。只有存在真正不同的选择，那选择才是有意义的。而足够的选择正是实现autonomy的基础。忽然意识到pluralism其实未必在个人层面上放弃了对更“善”的追求。这样比起来，似乎perfectionism显得过于急切又雄心勃勃了。

目前读到最喜欢的关于authority的观点！但是Raz的论证实在是太精巧细致了想写这个感觉无从下手…

基于自主的支持至善论的自由主义学说

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The Morality of Freedom