The Language Instinct

Steven Pinker

出版时间

2007-09-04

ISBN

9780061336461

评分

★★★★★

标签

心理学

书籍介绍

In this classic, the world's expert on language and mind lucidly explains everything you always wanted to know about language: how it works, how children learn it, how it changes, how the brain computes it, and how it evolved. With deft use of examples of humor and wordplay, Steven Pinker weaves our vast knowledge of language into a compelling story: language is a human instinct, wired into our brains by evolution. The Language Instinct received the William James Book Prize from the American Psychological Association and the Public Interest Award from the Linguistics Society of America. This edition includes an update on advances in the science of language since The Language Instinct was first published.

Steven Pinker is one of the world's leading authorities on language and the mind. His popular and highly praised books include The Stuff of Thought, The Blank Slate, Words and Rules, How the Mind Works, and The Language Instinct. The recipient of several major awards for his teaching, books, and scientific research, Pinker is Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family Profe...

(展开全部)

作者简介
Steven Pinker is one of the world's leading authorities on language and the mind. His popular and highly praised books include The Stuff of Thought, The Blank Slate, Words and Rules, How the Mind Works, and The Language Instinct. The recipient of several major awards for his teaching, books, and scientific research, Pinker is Harvard College Professor and Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. He also writes frequently for The New York Times, Time, The New Republic, and other magazines.
AI导读
核心看点
  • 本书核心论证语言并非文化发明,而是人类大脑经过进化形成的生物本能。作者结合认知科学与进化心理学,深入剖析语言习得的先天机制,揭示儿童为何能无师自通地掌握复杂语法规则,驳斥语言纯属后天社会建构的观点,确立语言作为人类专属生物适应性的科学地位。
  • 书中详细拆解语言的多层结构,从音素、语素到句法,解释大脑如何像计算机一样处理离散组合系统。作者澄清大众对语法的误解,指出所谓“不合语法”的方言往往具有严密的内部逻辑,批判将标准语凌驾于其他方言之上的偏见,强调所有人类语言在认知复杂度上完全平等。
  • 作者以幽默风趣的笔调探讨语言与思维的关系,反驳萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说中语言决定思维的极端观点。书中包含大量关于语言起源、手语自发形成及大脑语言区损伤的案例分析,展示语言能力的普遍性与独立性,同时更新版补充了出版后二十年来语言科学领域的最新研究进展。
读者共识
  • 读者普遍认可作者深厚的学术功底与独特的科普风格,认为其将枯燥的语言学理论转化为引人入胜的故事,极大地激发了大众对语言科学的兴趣。尽管部分读者批评其论证过于绝对或存在逻辑瑕疵,但多数人仍高度评价本书在破除语言迷思、纠正语法偏见方面的巨大贡献,认为其具有里程碑式的科普价值。
  • 翻译质量是本书中文读者吐槽的焦点。大量评论指出中文版存在严重错误,甚至被戏称为“黑心商品”,导致阅读体验极差,严重损害了原著的科学性与趣味性。因此,社区共识强烈建议读者避开劣质译本,直接挑战英文原版,或通过其他可靠渠道获取准确信息,切勿因翻译问题否定原著价值。
  • 读者对书中关于语言平等性的观点反响热烈,认为其有力驳斥了对方言和黑人英语的歧视,提升了公众对语言多样性的尊重。然而,也有部分专业读者指出书中对乔姆斯基理论的简化处理及某些进化心理学推论缺乏充分证据,建议读者在欣赏其科普价值的同时,保持对科学争议的警惕,不盲目全盘接受。
精彩摘录
  • "This, in a nutshell, is the theory of thinking called "the physical symbol system hypothesis" or the "computational" or "representational" theory of mind. It is as fundamental to cognitive science as the cell doctrine is to biology and plate tectonics is to geology. Cognitive psychologists and neuro"
  • "So here is the question: Do they in fact? For example, if we know that Socrates is a man, is it because we have neural patterns that correspond one-to- one to the English words Socrates, is, a, and man, and groups of neurons in the brain that correspond to the subject of an English sentence, the ver"
  • "此外,就合乎语法的比例而言,劳工阶层要高于中产阶级,而“不合语法”的最高比例则出现在专家学者们的学术会议上。"
  • "然而,语言超越了这种文化上的关联。世界上只有石器时代的社会,却没有所谓石器时代的语言。"
  • "人类语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔( Edward Sapir)在 20世纪初写道:“就语言形态而论,希腊的柏拉图与马其顿的养猪人并肩而立,中国的孔子与阿萨姆邦的嗜血蛮夷难分伯仲。”"
  • "在班图语中,“ gender”代指的是不同的类别,例如人类、动物、延伸物、集合物以及身体部位。而在欧洲的诸多语言中,“ gender”一词恰巧被用来指代两性的“性”( sex),至少就代词而言是如此。因此,“ gender”这一语言学术语就被借用到语言学之外的领域,用作两性的标签,而“ sex”这个更为精确的词语如今则成为“交配”一词的代称。"
  • "不过,人们一方面对埋藏于语言之下的隐型发动机视而不见,一方面却斤斤计较于语言的外部包装和样式搭配。主流方言和地方方言之间的某些细微差别被上升到所谓的“正确语法”( proper grammar)的高度,比如“ isn’ t any”与“ ain’ t no”、“ those books”与“ them books”、“ dragged him away”与“ drug him away”。但它们其实与语法的精密程度并无丝毫关系,这就像美国的有些地方把蜻蜓叫作“ dragonfly”,而另一些地方叫作“ darning needle”;或者英国人把狗叫作“ dog”,而法国人则把狗叫作“ chi"
  • "音素是一种独特的语言单位。它与外在的语音连接,却不与内在的心语连接。每个音素都对应一种发音方式,它们构成离散组合系统中的一个独立成分,将无意义的语音组合成有意义的语素,然后再由其他成分将有意义的语素组合成有意义的单词、短语和句子。这是人类语言的基本结构,语言学家查尔斯•霍盖特(Charles Hockett)将其称为“模式二重性”(duality of patterning)。"
用户评论
其实是很好的evolutionist的立场的阐释...能应付许多低级的攻击。过了这个槛,才是有意义的讨论。
读书的时候觉得自己有add好难过,再读一遍吧!
小组一起看完的,其实很多观点我觉得值得商榷,主观性比较强,并没有理论依据。
就我自己对四门语言的或深或浅的了解来看,语言确实存在相当多的共通之处,所谓的universal grammar的确可能存在。人们的语言能力往往比自己所认为的要强,至少在婴幼儿时期是非常的强,可惜被太多人浪费了...
看小孩学习说话的过程应该是一件很有趣的事情~
看了前七章,还是相当不错的,后面不太想看了,扣一星是因为年代太老有些过时了
作为科普比较易读
这本书偶尔提到了Mentalese,只对这个感兴趣,所以看完相关章节火速下单了The Stuff of Thought。其他的¯\_ (ツ)_/¯总之就是很general的一本书,各取所需。
特別好,而且寫得很幽默。
很辛苦但不失乐趣的阅读体验,从局外人角度看专业毒舌吐槽,很多会心一笑的片段都很enjoyable。读这本书需要接受有些学问可以没有答案,也可以有很多观点的现实。有些概念有点古早,也深知不能照单全收,这可能是准备重新理解世界的启蒙时刻。
下载
收藏